Cairo, the vibrant capital of Egypt, is a city where ancient history collides with modern life in a spectacular symphony of sights, sounds, and scents. For first-time visitors, navigating this sprawling metropolis can feel overwhelming, but armed with a guide to the absolute must-do things to do in Cairo, you’re guaranteed an unforgettable adventure.
From standing in awe of millennia-old monuments to immersing yourself in bustling local life, here are 15 incredible experiences you simply can’t miss in Cairo.
1. Stand in Awe of the Pyramids of Giza & Sphinx
No trip to Cairo is complete without witnessing the last remaining wonder of the ancient world. The Pyramids of Giza (Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure) and the enigmatic Great Sphinx are even more colossal and awe-inspiring in person. Arrive early to beat the crowds and consider a camel ride for those iconic desert photos. You can even venture inside one of the pyramids for a unique, albeit claustrophobic, experience.
2. Delve into History at the Grand Egyptian Museum (GEM)
Prepare to be mesmerized! The Grand Egyptian Museum (GEM), located near the Giza Pyramids, is a monumental new institution set to be the largest archaeological museum in the world dedicated to a single civilization. It houses over 100,000 artifacts, including the complete, spectacular treasures of Tutankhamun. Even if it’s not fully operational during your visit, the accessible sections are magnificent. Check its official opening status before your trip.
3. Explore the Islamic Cairo Citadel & Muhammad Ali Mosque
Perched atop Mokattam Hills, the Citadel of Salah al-Din offers not only a glimpse into medieval Islamic fortification but also some of the most breathtaking panoramic views of Cairo. Within its walls, the Mosque of Muhammad Ali, with its grand domes and alabaster facade, is an architectural masterpiece not to be missed. Its Ottoman-style grandeur is truly captivating.
4. Get Lost in the Khan el-Khalili Bazaar
Step back in time as you wander through the labyrinthine alleyways of Khan el-Khalili, Cairo’s historic souk (market). This bustling bazaar has been a center of trade since the 14th century. Haggle for spices, perfumes, jewelry, textiles, and souvenirs. Don’t forget to grab a traditional mint tea at the iconic El Fishawy Cafe for a truly authentic experience.
5. Discover Christian Heritage in Coptic Cairo
Explore the serene and historically rich enclave of Coptic Cairo, the heart of Egypt’s Christian community. Visit the Hanging Church (Saint Virgin Mary’s Church), built atop the ancient Roman Babylon Fortress, and the Church of St. Sergius and Bacchus, believed to be a refuge for the Holy Family. The Coptic Museum offers a fascinating insight into Coptic art and history.
6. Cruise the Nile River on a Felucca
Experience the timeless tranquility of the Nile on a traditional felucca (sailboat). A sunset felucca ride is particularly magical, offering stunning views of Cairo’s skyline as the city lights begin to twinkle. It’s a peaceful escape from the urban hustle and one of the most relaxing things to do in Cairo.
7. Climb the Cairo Tower for City Views
For unparalleled 360-degree views of Cairo, ascend the Cairo Tower on Gezira Island. Standing at 187 meters (614 feet), its lotus-inspired design is iconic. From the observation deck, you can spot the Pyramids on a clear day, the Citadel, and the serpentine Nile. Go at sunset for a truly spectacular vista.
8. Unearth More History at Saqqara & the Step Pyramid of Djoser
Just south of Giza lies Saqqara, an ancient burial ground home to the Step Pyramid of Djoser. This is considered the world’s oldest stone building and a pivotal development in pyramid construction. Explore the surrounding mastabas (ancient tombs) with their remarkably preserved carvings.
9. Visit the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization (NMEC)
While the GEM focuses on ancient artifacts, the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization (NMEC) offers a broader look at Egypt’s entire history, from prehistoric times to the modern era. Its highlight is the Royal Mummies Hall, where you can respectfully view the mummified remains of ancient pharaohs and queens.
10. Wander Through Islamic Cairo’s Al-Muizz Street
Designated a UNESCO World Heritage site, Al-Muizz Street is a living museum in Islamic Cairo, boasting one of the highest concentrations of medieval Islamic architecture in the world. Stroll along this pedestrianized street, marveling at the beautifully preserved mosques, madrasas, and historic houses. Visit during the evening when many buildings are beautifully lit.
11. Experience a Local Food Tour
Cairo’s culinary scene is a vibrant explosion of flavors. Join a guided food tour to sample authentic Egyptian street food and local dishes you might not discover on your own. From comforting koshary and savory ta’ameya (Egyptian falafel) to delicious feteer and sweet baklava, it’s a feast for the senses.
12. Relax in Al-Azhar Park
Escape the city’s hustle and bustle at Al-Azhar Park, a beautifully landscaped oasis offering stunning views of Islamic Cairo and the Citadel. It’s a popular spot for locals to relax, picnic, and enjoy the greenery. Grab a coffee or meal at one of the cafes within the park and soak in the serene atmosphere.
13. Explore the Gayer-Anderson Museum
Tucked away beside the Ibn Tulun Mosque, the Gayer-Anderson Museum is a beautifully preserved 17th-century Ottoman house showcasing a fascinating collection of Islamic art, furniture, and curios. It offers a captivating glimpse into traditional Cairene domestic life and architecture.
14. Discover the Ancient Mosque of Ibn Tulun
One of the oldest and largest mosques in Egypt, the Mosque of Ibn Tulun (built in 879 AD) is a remarkable example of Islamic architecture. Its unique spiral minaret, which you can climb for impressive views, and vast open courtyard offer a sense of peaceful grandeur.
15. Catch a Whirling Dervish (Tanoura) Show
For a unique cultural experience, attend a Tanoura show (Egyptian whirling dervishes) at Al-Ghouri Complex or a similar venue in Islamic Cairo. This mesmerizing spiritual dance, with its colorful costumes and rhythmic movements, is a captivating display of Egyptian Sufi tradition.
Cairo is a city that promises to ignite your senses and leave an indelible mark on your soul. By focusing on these amazing things to do in Cairo for first-time visitors, you’ll uncover the heart of its ancient past and vibrant present, creating memories that will last a lifetime.
Generate Audio Overview
